Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by a virus that often develops silently, making early detection challenging. Without treatment, it can lead to severe liver conditions, including chronic disease, liver failure, and cancer.
How It Spreads
The virus is transmitted through:
- Blood-to-blood contact
- Unprotected sexual activity
- Sharing needles or sharp objects
- Transmission from mother to child at birth
- Using personal items contaminated with infected fluids
Common Symptoms
Many individuals remain symptom-free for years. When symptoms arise, they may include:
- Extreme tiredness
- Yellow skin or eyes
- Dark-colored urine
- Abdominal discomfort
- Nausea and reduced appetite
Preventive Measures
- Vaccination: A three-shot series over six months provides long-lasting protection.
- Safe Habits: Practice safe sex, use sterile equipment, and select reputable places for body art.
- Regular Testing: Know your health status and that of your partner.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
Risk increases if you:
- Engage in unprotected sex with multiple partners
- Use injected drugs or share needles
- Live with an infected individual
- Work in healthcare or handle human blood
- Were born to an infected mother
- Travel to regions with high infection rates
Treatment Options
- After Exposure: Immediate medical attention with protective medication is crucial.
- Short-Term Infection: Focus on rest, hydration, and monitoring.
- Chronic Cases: Long-term treatment may involve antiviral therapy or, in severe situations, a liver transplant.
Potential Complications
If left untreated, Hepatitis B can cause:
- Liver damage (cirrhosis)
- Liver cancer
- Organ failure
- Kidney-related problems
- Virus reactivation under certain medical treatments
Final Thoughts
Prevention, timely testing, and vaccination are the most effective defenses against Hepatitis B. Stay proactive about your liver health to avoid long-term complications.
